Sunday, December 29, 2019

Buddhism The Philosophy Of Buddhism - 1198 Words

Dharma What is the self? If one were ask a thousand different people they would get a thousand different answers. Surely everyone out in the world has their own opinion of what the self is, and there is no right or wrong answer to the lifelong mystery. People can agree and disagree with all the many ideas what of the â€Å"self† could be, but there will never be one true answer. The theory I mostly identify with is the philosophy of Buddhism, its teachings, and the importance of meditation. Some people would argue that Buddhism is a religion not a philosophy, and vice versa, but nonetheless the Buddha has an idea of self in our current life. Buddhism teaches us that life is, and full of suffering and that nothing in life is eternal. The ultimate goal of Buddhism is Nirvana, which means liberation from the constant cycle of life and death, and it s suffering. â€Å"When the envelopment of thought coverings has been annihilated, then he becomes free of all fear, beyond the reach of ch ange, enjoying final nirvana†(Perfection of Wisdom 2015, 166). So nirvana is what every Buddhist works towards and is the final goal. Unlike Indian sages the Buddha did not care for the unseen reality, the soul, the afterlife, or the origins of the universe. â€Å"He said that curiosity about such matters was like a man who, having been wounded by a poisoned arrow, refused to get it pulled out until he was told the caste and origin of his assailant, his name,his height, the color of his skin, and all theShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Buddhism : Zen Buddhism855 Words   |  4 PagesThe quote comes from the story of a man who abandoned all he previously had in order to seek enlightenment and happiness through Zen Buddhism. In essence, he was trying to escape from the life of suffering he was currently living. He is receiving from harada-roshi what can be regarded as one of the core beliefs of the Buddhist religion. That is that every person has the ability to be a wise as t he Buddha, but he can only achieve it through discipline. The Hindu term Moksha refers to the releaseRead MoreIs Buddhism A Philosophy Or A Religion?932 Words   |  4 Pages Is Buddhism a Philosophy Or a Religion? Joe Gilmore Mr. Porter 4-17-16 Buddhist teachings consist of teaching others how to end suffering in their own lives. Buddha teaches that if you follow an eightfold path, then you are moving toward reaching nirvana. This is the end of all suffering and the goal of all Buddhists. Though Buddhism is commonly labeled as a religion, it fits the definition of a philosophy rather than a religion. Buddhism’s founder was a man named SiddharthaRead MoreBuddhism : The Philosophy And Religion1426 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism originated 2,500 years ago in India and today – is the prevailing world religion in the East. There are more than 360 million followers of Buddhism, including one million American followers. Buddhism has branched into a diverse selection of forms throughout its long history, however, all methods of Buddhism share an admiration for the teachings of Buddha with the ultimate focus on ending suffering (Religionfacts.com, 2015). In the 6th century BC, Siddhartha or Gautama Buddha was born inRead MoreThe Philosophies Of Christianity And Buddhism Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual understands and processes the world and reality. Worldviews can be realized by answering seven questions. Most religions have a worldview that is unique to its belief system. This paper aims to compare the worldviews of Christianity and Buddhism, and their implic ations on health care. Important factors regarding care provided by those of other religions will be discussed. The common components to different religions, as well as the author’s personal views and new perspectives, will alsoRead MoreBuddhism Is A Religion And Philosophy Essay2054 Words   |  9 PagesBuddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. It is the oldest and fourth largest religion in the world with around 500 million followers. Buddhism focuses on teaching people how to come to terms with and end the suffering of themselves and others by cutting out greed, hatred, and ignorance from their lives. Unlike most major world religions, Buddhism does not revolve around worshiping a god or divine creator, instead the focus of Buddhism is living one s bestRead MoreThe Philosophy Of The Religion Of Buddhism2001 Words   |  9 PagesReligion essay In many religions they are similar principles and philosophy that we live by. The philosophy of the religion of Buddhism, is to live is to suffer. Often people ask what is the meaning of life? and different religions find a way to interpret the answer to this question in their own way. For example, the Christianity religion often answers this questions by saying that we are here on earth to help those in need and to do Gods will. Others questions may be how can I live my lifeRead MoreBuddhism Is Considered A Religion Or A Philosophy961 Words   |  4 Pageswhether buddhism is considered a religion or a philosophy but I believe that it is both. According to (https://www.google.com/#q=buddhismBuddhism) is a non-theistic religion or philosophy that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. Buddhism inhabits several traits that consider it a religion and a philosophy. There is not a clear distinction that defines buddhism as one or the other. Some practices of Buddhism displayRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Buddhism, By Dalai Lama1351 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowth. Buddhism is one of the most fascinating religious and philosophical beliefs of the world. The faith emerged in India in approximately 560 BCE, and quickly spread throughout the East. Since then, it has become one of the fastest growing religions globally. In the 1960’s, when Buddhism became popular in Australia, it continued to develop. In order to accommodate for this, places of worship, such as the Chung Tien Temple in Priestdale, Queensland, have been introduced. The philosophy of BuddhismRead MoreBuddhism s Philosophy And Religion1910 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism stands as a philosophy and a religion founding itself on the theory of a possible eternal soul. Until awakening is achieved, this eternal soul is locked in the vicious cycle of rebirth (Samsara). According to the Four Noble Truths preached by the Buddha, life is a perpetual suffering caused by desire and attachment, and freedom from suffering is only possible by practicing the Eightfold Path. The World is suffering in a succession of temptations and negative experiences from birth to deathRead MoreBuddha, Buddhism And The Buddhist Philosophy1527 Words   |  7 Pagesthe time, we can be fortunate enough to see through the covering pulled over our head at birth, to the true explanation of why we’re here, the truth of our existence. Because of this, I have chosen to do my research paper on Buddha, Buddhism and the Buddhist philosophy. The first thing I would like to address is the history of Buddha. When Siddhartha Gautama was born, a wise man came to his father, the king, and told him that his son would either be a great king or a great holy man. The king

Friday, December 20, 2019

Friendship and Best Buddies - 2721 Words

What is Friendship? An Honors Thesis (HONRS 499) Creative Project by Sarah Groth Thesis Advisor Dr. Nina Yssel Ball State University Muncie, Indiana Spring Semester 2008 . ·1, (. Abstract Friendship is universal. It can bridge societal gaps of gender, race, social class, and differences in abilities. College is a time of personal growth, and friendships have a tremendous impact on the development and experiences of an individual. Through Best Buddies, college students and adults in the community with disabilities have the opportunity to share friendships. These relationships bring people of all abilities, interests, and talents together, as equals and as friends. I chose to look at these friendships†¦show more content†¦By taking these stories and pictures and putting them in a cohesive format, I hope to pass something on to our organization and on our campus as I graduate that will continue to remind others not only of the work that has gone into this organization, but more importantly, the incredible friendships and experiences that have resulted and far outweighed any obstacles. I chose to create a project using pictures and music to portray the friendship s in Best Buddies, compiling this information into a brief, concise, and highly visual arrangement that can be used to explain and depict for others what words cannot always do justice to. The goal is to describe the friendships formed between people from what could be considered two very different worlds, and the influence these friendships have had on the many individuals involved. As I began the planning process for my thesis, I was overwhelmed with the possibilities of what I could do or wanted to do and which direction I should go. I eventually decided to do a creative project looking specifically at Best Buddies, but more generally at friendship, as something to summarize my career and all I have learned in my time at Ball State through the Special Education and Honors College programs that I have been a part of. The anticipated implications of this project were to represent the relationships that have affected students on campus through friendships with people who have disabilities.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Friendship in The Thanksgiving Visitor652 Words   |  3 PagesThe Thanksgiving Visitor In Truman Capote’s The Thanksgiving Visitor, a connection is exposed between the main character, Buddy, and his elderly best friend, Miss Sook, which serves as the center point of the story and reveals much about the intricacies of human nature. An autobiographical tale, the author describes his childhood of the 1930s in rural Alabama. An 8-year-old orphan who lives with his four cousins of sixty-plus years, he is an outcast among his peers who finds school and life outsideRead More Truman Capote’s A Christmas Memory Essays818 Words   |  4 Pages Truman Capote’s story A Christmas Memory, is about Capote’s childhood memory of a particular holiday season and how he enjoyed that moment in time with a special friend. Capote is illustrated by the main character, Buddy. Buddy and his distant cousin have a bonding friendship and tell of their exploits during that Christmas. They pick out a very special Christmas tree, make each other presents, and make fru itcakes. Capote was born in New Orleans as the son of a salesman and a 16-year-oldRead MoreLove over Friendship862 Words   |  4 Pagesneed is you to listen. Is that okay? Alright. Let’s start. Friendship Over Love *Is this phrase, hits you? If not, maybe you haven’t experienced it yet. But if yes, how did you overcome with this? Did you choose between the two? Or you just did something to let them stay in your life? Okay. *First slide ppt* *All of us had friends, right? Best friends, close friends, barkada, tropa or whatever name we call our friends. Friendship is a certain bond between two or more people. Like acquaintancesRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics915 Words   |  4 PagesProblem As a young Airman, I was always eager to get involved in the community and base events. One of my former supervisors introduced me to the base honor guard. The moment I walked into the training shack, the feeling was awesome. I did my very best in executing every movement in drill and ceremony. In a short period of time, I worked myself up to one of the lead trainers. A lead trainer is a task that usually takes a while to accomplish and only maybe 10 out of 300 Airmen over the course of aRead MoreThe Importance of Friendship Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesthings in life, but friendship may be the most valuable. To live life without the experience of friendship, is not living. Human interaction is a necessity to survival, but developed friendships are essential to the successful well being of anyone. Based upon the American Heritage Dictionary, the definition of a friend is, ?A person whom one knows, likes and trusts.? But to all, Friendship has no defined terminology. The definition of a friend, and friendship, is based upon oneselfRead MoreMy : My Favorite Teacher885 Words   |  4 Pageseffort into studying, because it does not come as easy as it did in high school. I still take notes and go over them but at a much high intensity level and for longer periods of times. I also am trying out different study methods, to find the one that best fits me. Yes, I hope to attend graduate school and maybe even get my doctorate if I stick with my current major and still become a Speech Pathologist. If it weren’t for my family being there to financially support me in my college education, I wouldRead MoreEssay about Rising Above My Disability705 Words   |  3 Pages I, who thrive on responsibility and friendship, have the makings of an outstanding physician. A near straight-A student, I held several paid research internships and led a team to first place in a nationwide design contest. This semester, I won an unprecedented three national awards. nbsp; But my teachers and mates may be surprised to find that my greatest achievements come from outside the classroom. Four years ago, I lay in a hospital bed, with grave head injuries. A high school freshmanRead MoreThe Effects of Friendship845 Words   |  4 PagesBrooks ENG 121 – 012 28 September 2010 The Effects of Friendship Joseph Addison once said, â€Å"The greatest sweetener of human life is Friendship. To raise this to the highest pitch of enjoyment, is a secret which but few discover.† Friendship is something that is truly a blessing to have in your life. Based upon Webster s Dictionary, the definition of a friend is, A person whom one knows, likes and trusts.† But to all, friendship has no defined terminology. Some friends are made at a veryRead MoreEssay on Friendship for Women and for Men755 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the new administration and forming great friendship that may well impact the future of the whole country. History has witnessed some of the greatest friendship between men. As a result, their friendships have been idealized as the embodiment of bravery and loyalty. In comparison, those cozy nights girls spends wrapped in the bonding of sisterhood seems both trivia and naà ¯ve. Although these stereotypes about men’s or women’s friendship are not c ompletely true, there is no doubt that significantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Elf 2413 Words   |  10 Pagessomeone under the bus† will examine the role of Walter by throwing his son, Buddy, under the bus in the movie Elf and similarly in Gossip Girl, Blair Waldorf throwing her own friends under the bus. Example and Analysis 1. Elf In the Christmas film, Elf, Buddy the elf is suffers from being â€Å"throw under the bus† by his biological father, Walter. Throughout the film, Walter’s goodness was damaged by his son because he was an elf. Buddy has lived his entire life in the North Pole as a human sized elf, technically

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Antigone (458 words) Essay Example For Students

Antigone (458 words) Essay AntigoneSophocles trilogy of Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone is a powerful,tragic tale that examines the nature of human guilt, fate and punishment. Creon, Oedipusuncle and brother-in-law, is the storys most dynamic character. His character experiences adrastic metamorphosis through the span of the three dramas. Creons vision of a monarchsproper role, his concept of and respect for justice, as well as his respect for the design evolveconsiderably by the trilogys tragic conclusion. In Oedipus the King (OK) , the audience is introduced to a Creon who seems to put loyalty tothe king above all. He sympathizes with the tragic plight of King Oedipus and asserts noapparent ambition himself. His attitude toward the king is one of yielding and fulfillingreverence. Creons notion of justice in OK stems directly from the divine. That which the godshave decreed must become law. It pains Creon to have Oedipus exiled, but he must do so asthe gods have willed it. Creons respect for divinity and prophecy seems to be his defining traitin OK. His attitude is one of unquestioning reverence. In Oedipus at Colonus (OC), one sees the beginning of Creons decline. Creon has nowcome to occupy the throne that once belonged to Oedipus. It soon becomes apparent that hisvision of the proper role of a king has changed to accommodate his new-found position. Theemphasis shifts from that of a king who must rule wisely to one who must rule unyieldingly. The kingship becomes a selfserving instrument for Creon in his attempt to secure the return ofOedipus and the good fortune prophesied to accompany him. Creons notion of justice isseverely distorted in OC. He becomes monomaniacal conducting his affairs with tyranny andbelligerence. For example, he threatens to harm Oedipus daughters if the blind beggar doesnot return to Thebes. His view of rightness and fairness is no longer in line with that of hissubjects. In OC, Creon still retains some respect for divine prophecies. These have after allmotivated his desire to return Oedipus to Thebes. Antigone reveals the ultimate extent to which Creons character deteriorates. Histransformation completes itself; he has become an unreasonable tyrant. Creon can no longer becalled a king. He has become a despot. There is absolutely no justice to be found. Violenceand threats of violence are the tools by which he rules. For example, his senseless threats to aninnocent sentry reveal the true extent of his loss of reason. Creon has distorted theproclamation against Polyneices burial, which was originally intended to foster Theban unity,into a display of rashness and incompetence. There is no mention of the gods and theirintentions on Creons behalf in Antigone. He has been so far destroyed by his own power asto dismiss the divine will that he originally thrived on.

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Chapter 2 Guided Questions free essay sample

What is the name of David’s community? Who built it? What position does his family hold because of this? The name of David’s community is Waknuk. It was built by Elias Strorm, David’s grandfather. Since David’s family made the community, they hold the highest position in making the rules and orders of the community. 2. What are the two books that are left to form the society? What kind of society have they created? The two books left to form the society are the Bible and Nicholson’s Repentances. These two books have determined and shaped almost every aspect of the community, making it a religiously strict area. 3. What kind of man is David’s father? In what ways is Joseph Strorm similar to and different form his father? David’s father, Joseph Strorm is a dangerous, self-righteous man. He is usually capable of operating outside the law in his fight to clear out deviations because of his high authority. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 2 Guided Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Describe the farm David lives on. The farm David lives on is described as â€Å"constructed on a frame of solid, roughly-dressed timbers, but, since it was the oldest house there, most of the spaces in the outer walls had been filled in with bricks and stones from the ruins of some of the Old People’s buildings, and plastered wattle was used only for the internal walls. † 5. There are all kinds of religious slogans on the walls of the rooms in David’s house. What do they all deal with? Why is Joseph Strorm so preoccupied with Offences and Deviations? Why is he afraid of them? Why is he so angry when his neighbours are less strict? What do you think is the cause of all the Offences and Deviations? The slogans on the walls of the rooms in David’s house all relate to Offences and Blasphemies. Joseph Storm is so preoccupied with Deviations and Offences because his mission is to clear them all out since he believes they are not â€Å"in the True Image of God†. He becomes angry when his neighbours are less strict because he is so close minded, he finds only one solution to the problem. . How does the landscape change when one moves south to south-west from Waknuk? What happens to a person who moves all the way into the Badlands? Why would that be so? What do you think is the cause of all this? When you move south to south-west from Waknuk, the landscape begins to grow erratic and become less appealing compared to Waknuk, a civilized community. A person who moves all the way into the Badlands is believed to never come back and possibly die. It is believed that people were killed by the people that resided there or if they came back, they would not survive very long. This may indicate that it wasn’t a place for people to survive and it may have harsh conditions. 7. Who lives in the â€Å"Fringes†? Why have they become a problem lately? What is the government doing about it? In the Fringes region live the Fringes people. They appear to be normal and ordinary people, but they are deviations in the eyes of the Waknuk community since they define a human being through the Definition of Man in its literal sense. They have become a problem lately because of the shortage of essentials to survive and therefore have come out of their regions to seek for their necessities. This often meant that they would steal anything in sight, possibly food, clothing and in some rare cases, children. 8. In what ways is Angus Morton different from Joseph Strorm? Angus Morton and Joseph Strorm always fought about deviations. However, when it came to differences, Morton always had more common sense and an open mind while Joseph was staunch-minded and violent.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Tricks to Connect Different Ideas in Writing

Tricks to Connect Different Ideas in Writing Despite having the most convincing and brilliant ideas in the world, no one is likely to pay attention if those ideas are not properly structured and connected. Your readers need to transition smoothly from one thought to another, else they will definitely find something else to read or do. The question that comes to your mind after reading the above prompt is, how do I get to achieve this, or am I doing it the right way? To answer your question(s) here are some tricks to connect different Ideas in writing. Prewriting Strategies Whether you are writing and the academic essay, a creative paper or any other kind of writing, they all have a common denominator; the need to keep the audience engaged. Capturing the attention of the reader from the beginning to the end of your write up depends on the coherence and clarity of the ideas. To achieve this in essay writing, you need to use various prewriting strategies before putting the pen to paper. Prewriting strategies helps writers create and organize content before they start the writing process.These strategies include: writing essay outlines; brainstorming, free writing, clustering, and using the six journalists questions. Essay outlines present the structure your write up will take. Brainstorming allows writers to explore their ideas without any restrictions or rather allows them to think outside the box. Free writing allows the writer to write the random thoughts and ideas established from brainstorming without paying attention to structure and the conventional writing styles. Clustering also referred to as mind mapping involves creating a visual representation of ideas helping to establish how ideas are connected visually. The journalists questions seek to answer the Who?, What?, When?, Where?, Why?, and How? The Actual writing Having established the ideas and how they relate to each other, it is now time to put pen to paper. Connecting different ideas in writing is mainly a matter of attitude where you assume that the readers not only need to know what you know but also need to know how you arrived at that point. This is achieved by providing links in your writing or transitions between ideas. Making links between Ideas The first step creating smooth paragraph transitions is establishing the relationship between the paragraphs which are typically connected via writing hooks. To establish these hooks consider whether the next paragraph: Makes a similar point? Makes a different point? Expands on the previous idea? Contradicts an argument? Provide emphasis? Continues an argument? Shows an exception? And more. The above list is not exhaustive but only serves as a guide to show you how to establish the relationship between two paragraphs to enable you to achieve effective paragraph transitions in your writing. How to Make Paragraph Transitions Having established the relationship between two paragraphs, you can now implement various paragraph transitions to keep your ideas connected throughout the paper. Paragraph transition takes two forms: Starting the new paragraph by linking it to the previous paragraph or ending a paragraph with a phrase that leads or rather introduces the next paragraph using Transition signals. The use of the Transition signals is also referred to as Signposting because, they act as signposts that for the reader to follow your ideas from one paragraph to another, sentence to another, or between paragraphs or topics. Some examples of sign posts include: consequently followed by In this case however initially moreover similarly in contrast To sum up the above tricks on how to connect different ideas in essay writing, you need to understand how to use paragraph transitions through the use of writing hooks and sign posts; your paragraphs should not operate in a vacuum.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Understanding Forest Basal Area

Understanding Forest Basal Area The cross-section area of the stem or stems of a plant is generally expressed as square units per unit of the area it is growing on. This volumetric description is a ratio of the trees cross-sectional area at DBH to the total area and called basal area or BA.  It is used by forestry professionals to determine percent stocking levels of trees in a given area.  For shrubs and herbs, it is used to determine phytomass. Grasses, forbs, and shrubs are usually measured at or less than 1 inch above soil level. For trees: the cross section area of a tree stem in square feet commonly measured at breast height (4.5 above ground) and inclusive of bark, usually computed by using DBH or tallied through the use of basal area factor angle gauge  or a factored prism. Pronunciation:  baze-ul area (noun) Common Misspellings:  basel area - basil area Basal Area, Do the Math Basal area factor is the number of units of basal area per acre (or per hectare) represented by each tree. The formula for basal area (3.1416 x DBH2)/(4 x 144). This formula simplifies to: basal area 0.005454 x DBH2 0.005454 is called the foresters constant, which converts inches into square feet. The basal area of a 10-inch tree is: 0.005454 x (10)2   0.5454 square feet (ft2). So, 100 of these trees per acre would calculate out a BA of 54 ft2.  or a count of just over 5 trees per angle gauge count. Basal Area as Used in Forestry BA is a measure of the capacity of certain stands of trees to increase annual ring growth. The factors of ring growth have a genetic component but are influenced by all biotic, physical and chemical factors in that particular environment. As stands of trees develop, BA increases as it approaches full stocking, the upper limit of a forest to grow increasing wood fiber. So, basal area measurement can be  used to determine a sites ability to grow a forest tree species accumulated over the tree age in years. As BA increases over time, measurements shown on growth curve graphs indicate a slowing in growth according to species growth and yield charts. Timber harvests are then made to reduce the BA to a point where remaining trees regain the ability to maximize growth toward a final, mature, valuable forest product. Basal Area and the Timber Harvest BA is not a  volume calculation  but the measurement can be used by foresters in determining volume using statistical tree stem occurrence and is an important tool for a timber inventory or timber  cruise. In the same vein, a basal area tree count tells a forester how occupied or crowded a forest site is and assists in making harvest decisions. In managing a commercial forest as even-aged stands, you are forcing one distinct age class to be maintained through the harvest cycle (three or more harvests). These stands are often regenerated by using clearcut, shelterwood, or seed tree cutting methods  and require the right basal area beneficial to each method. A clearcut forest is usually replanted or artificially seeded and has no measurable BA.A shelterwood harvest may leave a tree stocking level as high as  40 sq.ft per acre  10 factor BA.  A  seedtree  harvest may leave a tree stocking level as high as  20 sq.ft per acre  10 factor BA. There are many stocking guides that reflect density for even-aged stands (also called stocking charts). These guides assist the forest manager in determining if the forest is stocked with too many trees (overstocked), too sparsely stocked (understocked), or adequately stocked (fully stocked).

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Gender Differences Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Differences - Assignment Example Also, identify if the research hypothesis is directional or non-directional? Provide support for your decision. 10. If a quantitative study is this an associational, causal-comparative, or experimental research design? If a qualitative study is this an ethnography or phenomenology. List several characteristics with specific evidence from the research article to support your response. 11. What was the target population being investigated in this study (The target population may not be addressed in the participant section, but is often determined from information in the introduction and literature review section)? 13. Locate the description of the sample in the research article. Compare the sample with the target population. Do you think the sample used in this study is likely to be representative of the target population? Can this study be generalized to the intended population? Explain your reasoning. The subjects were 147 undergraduate students of business administration, 80 women and 67 men, who were enrolled in a compulsory introductory computer course in a Norwegian college. The sample represents the target population. 16. For each of the instruments describe what evidence was provided on the instrument’s validity (content, construct, criterion). You may not find that evidence was provided for all types of validity. If no evidence was provided state so. 17. For each of the instruments describe what evidence was provided on the instrument’s reliability (test-retest, equivalent forms, equivalent forms/retest, internal consistency, scoring agreement). You may not find that evidence was provided or all types of reliability. If no evidence was provided state so. It was simply stated that Gressard and Loyd, the scale they developed was convenient, reliable and valid measure of computer attitudes. It could be confidently and effectively utilized in research and evaluations. Each instrument was valid and reliable. The